So you have either made a decision to get divorced or you or your spouse has
petitioned for it, so what do you do now?
First you must protect yourself and this means
your credit, assets and home equity.
Most people, going through a divorce, immediately
concentrate on the assets, but few even consider the impact on their credit and the equity
they have trapped in their home. This paper will give you a step by step process to protect
both.
Your first step is to request that your attorney negotiate with your spouse’s counsel to
allow a home equity line of credit to be taken on the marital residence and pay all legal fees from this line.
I have seen too many divorces that go on and on and
the parties run out of cash to continue to pay their legal fees. By the time they have come
to grips with their predicament their credit cards are maxed and their credit scores are too
low to refinance their existing mortgage leaving all their home equity trapped and forcing
them to sell the marital residence from a position of weakness. This in not a position you
want to be in!
Next, cancel all joint credit cards and open new lines of credit in your name only.
Make
sure that the previous accounts have your new address including your mortgage
company, and that the invoices come to you to ensure that they are paid in full. Your
attorney will negotiate with your spouse’s counsel on the exact split of this debt, but for
now it is important that you remain on top of open account balances and insure they are
paid on time. You can not afford to have late payments reporting on your credit
especially if you intend to purchase a home of your own when your divorce is complete.
Place a Fraud Alert on your credit file by calling one of the three credit repositories.
Once
you file an alert with one repository they notify the other two on your behalf. This alert
will not only make it difficult for identity thieves to steel your personal information, but it
will also complicate a vengeful spouse’s attempt at opening credit in your name without
your knowledge.
While requesting the fraud alert I suggest that you enroll in one of the
repositories credit protection subscriptions. For a nominal annual fee you will be notified
when your credit file is accessed, account balances change by a given percentage or new
accounts have been opened. If you are going through a truly contentious divorce and
your spouse is particularly bitter then I suggest forgoing the Fraud Alert and request a
Credit Freeze. This will stop everyone, for the exception of government agencies, from
accessing your credit profile.
If you think that this couldn’t happen then I will share a
story. I had a client, a doctor, going through a terrible divorce. Once the divorce was
settled he went to purchase a new home and had his credit report pulled. On the report
was a credit card he did not recognize with a balance of $60,000.00 plus dollars. Yes, his
former wife applied for a credit card in his name, charged it up, paid the minimum
2 payment till aft er the divorce and left my client with the balance to pay. It definitely
happens!
Should we sell the home or should I give it to my former spouse? IN RETROSPECT,
my client Sandra shouldn't have let her ex-husband keep the house. When Sandra and her
husband divorced in June 2005, they decided he would continue living there with their
daughter. The plan was for him to refinance the property within 90 days of the divorce
and become the sole debtor on the mortgage. That never happened and now the mortgage
payments have been late or not sent at all, and the house is in foreclosure.
The result: Sandra’s credit is in shambles. Sandra now lives with a friend and can't take
on a mortgage of her own, because she is still the primary holder on the existing loan.
Sandra’s Credit was impeccable, but what her husband was responsible for, with Sandra
as the cosigner, has ruined all her good credit history.
What Sandra should have done is have her ex-husband, prior to the divorce being final,
apply for a mortgage in his name solely, secure a commitment for this loan and then close
on the new loan simultaneously to endorsing the divorce documents.
This would have
ensured several things:
- Sandra would have known early on if her former spouse could secure a loan based on his credit and income alone and thus relieve her responsibility of the debt or
- That the husband could not secure a loan and the property could be listed for sale.
Either way Sandra would no longer have responsibility for the debt, she would
receive her share of the property equity and her credit would be secure.
Fact is, even if the divorce decree spells out clearly who is responsible for what after the
divorce the decree doesn't override the original contract with the creditor.
Creditors will
go after both parties, with equal vigor, just as if they weren't divorced.
How does alimony and child support affect your mortgage? Critically!
When you apply
for a mortgage or if you are keeping the marital residence and have to refinance the
existing loan these two costs or sources of income will be used to qualify you for your
future financing.
Lenders are going to ask to see the settlement agreement or temporary
support documents to determine how much of a loan you can afford and if you are paying
alimony, child support or both these will likely reduce the loan amount you qualify for.
If
you are on the receiving end of this support lenders will want to ensure that you will
receive this support for at least another three years and that you have been in receipt of
these payments for at least the last three months.
This point is imperative: I suggest that
all support payments be paid to the court and in turn the court will funnel those payments
to the recipient.
Additionally, it is important to establish a separate account solely for
receipt of these payments to simplify evidencing receipt of support to future creditors as
well as accounting for year end purposes. If you are the party having to pay the support
make sure that the settlement agreement spells out the date the payments begin and end
and the age and birthdates of minor children.
Divorce also forces you to review your estate plan especially if there are children
involved. Part of this plan also includes the creation or continued funding of college
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tuition plans.
First, review any life insurance policies you may have and change the
beneficiary from your spouse to either your next of kin or in the case of minor children to
a guardian in trust for the children. Changing the beneficiary may be more involved,
legally, if your insurance policy has a cash value because this value may be considered
marital assets.
If neither spouse has insurance and there are minor children, it is a good
policy to require both parties to have insurance in place with the minor children as the
beneficiary with a trustee.
It would also be prudent to have an Estate Attorney create a
Pour-Over-Will that flows into a Revocable Living Trust and assign a trustee to
administer the will and trust. Proper estate planning is critical to protect your loved ones
from having to go through probate and risk the loss of critical assets for young children.
Qualified tuition plans, if not currently established, should be created on behalf of the
children and be guaranteed to continue to be funded or funded as part of the divorce
decree. In many divorces one spouse will take the children as an income deduction. This
deduction, for proper college planning, should be claimed by the spouse with the least
income to maximize future financial aid for college tuition.
It is also advisable when
starting a qualified tuition plan that the plan owner be grandparent and not the parent.
When your child applies to college they will automatically complete a FAFSA;
application for student aid. This application requires the parent claiming the child on their
income taxes to reveal all of their income and assets.
A qualified tuition plan is
considered a parental asset even though it is for the child’s education and thus reduces the
child’s overall aid, but by having a grandparent as the owner of the qualified tuition plan
the asset does not have to be revealed and the grandparent suffers no gift tax
consequences.